Second opinion

Kent Wien, 757/767 pilot and author of Gadling.com columns Cockpit Chronicles and Plane Answers, points out where the NTSB’s examination of the Colgan Air 3407 accident falls short of the mark.

Glossed over in the report was the fact that both the captain and first officer had very little sleep over the previous 24 hours. The NTSB says the captain had ‘reduced sleep opportunities’ and attempted to rest in the company crew lounge. Apparently the attempts at sleeping there weren’t effective since the captain logged on to a company computer at 3:10 in the morning.

…But one of the investigators in the Colgan accident, Robert Sumwalt refuses to allow for the possibility that fatigue was even a contributing factor in the accident, saying “…just because the crew was fatigued, that doesn’t mean it was a factor in their performance.”

Incredible.

…The role of fatigue was mentioned during an NTSB hearing on the Colgan accident. Board chairman Deborah Hersman argued that several issues, including the crew’s sleep deficits and the time of day the accident took place, were factors and said that fatigue was present and should be counted as a contributing factor to the crew’s performance.

But the view of board member and former USAirways pilot Robert Sumwalt prevailed. He concluded that fatigue wasn’t a factor in the accident. It didn’t stop them from detailing the role it played in Colgan 3407 (PDF LINK)

So if nicotine is found to cause some cancer, but its role in a person’s life expectancy cannot be determined, should we rule it out as a possible factor in a lung cancer death?

– Wien, Kent.  “Plane Answers: NTSB glosses over fatigue in the Colgan crash.” Gadling.com, 4 February 2010.

RELATED: Kent argues convincingly that the Colgan crew was not distracted by idle chatter, since they didn’t say anything other than the usual callouts for two minutes prior to the stall condition.

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La Belle Époque

A selection of Edwardian couture designed and tailored by Matti’s Millinery & Costumers.  See the whole Flickr set for more.

IMG_1791, originally uploaded by MattiOnline.

Tan Edw. Opera, originally uploaded by MattiOnline.

WWl Suit, originally uploaded by MattiOnline.

Edwardian Gray Suit, originally uploaded by MattiOnline.

Purple Halter Suit, originally uploaded by MattiOnline.
MMC Pink Victorian 013, originally uploaded by MattiOnline.

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Category: Historica  Tags:  Leave a Comment

Old London street scenes (1903)

The British Film Institute shares some great footage of Edwardian London over a century ago.

I get a kick out of seeing the traffic congestion (horse-drawn, not automobile) near the 3-minute mark. It should remind us that in the centuries-long life of cities, familiar problems occur, vanish and recur as our technology changes.

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The airship of the future won’t look like this

Aircruise concept ship at mooring mast.

Mainly because of a little thing called aerodynamics.  An object shaped like an enormous wall is harder to move through the air than one that’s a little more streamlined.  This is why most of our aircraft (whether lighter- or heavier-than-air) do not resemble vertical walls.

But as Dan Grossman from Airships.net points out, media outfits like CNN and the Daily Telegraph have been completely fished in by a clever PR stunt that has zero chance of being built in the real world.

What began as a fun exercise by a London design firm — to illustrate the visionary creative abilities of the firm and its client, Samsung — has been picked up as if it were a real “news story” by CNN, the Telegraph, and other media outlets.

The firm of Seymourpowell, which has previously designed vibrating sex toys and packaging for tampon applicators and cat food (but has never engineered an aircraft) recently announced “plans” for a 100-passenger, octahedron-shaped, 870-foot tall luxury airship, inflated with over 11 million cubic feet of… flammable hydrogen.  (Yes, just like the Hindenburg.)

– Grossman, Dan.  “Hydrogen Airship Nonsense.” Airships.net, 3 February 2010.

Well, the basic shape would still make a pretty cool cat food bag; though I doubt that it would be any good as a tampon applicator.

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Airship designs of the Golden Age

A photo essay on airship designs, 1906-1937, using imagery sourced from Flickr.

America; non-rigid civil airship. Launched 1906, lost at sea in 1910 due to engine failure during an attempted transatlantic crossing. Crew (including ship's cat) recovered by RMS Trent near Bermuda; no losses.

Wellman airship “America” seen from Trent 1910, originally uploaded by amphalon.

de Marçay-Kluytmans prototype airship with central rotating propeller ring (an evolutionary dead end). Rigid construction. c. 1907

Dirigible of Baron deMarcay, originally uploaded by amphalon.

LZ 4 / Z2. German military zeppelin; rigid construction. Launched June 1908, fatally damaged while moored August 1908.

Zeppelin Landing on the Bodensee, originally uploaded by amphalon.

La République, French military reconnaissance airship. Semi-rigid construction. Launched June 1908, crashed September 1909. All four crew members were killed.

The French airship “Republique”, originally uploaded by gregory lee.

Clément-Bayard, French experimental non-rigid airship. Has four lobes rather than fins for stability; the lobes retarded the maximum forward velocity of the airship. c. 1909

Dirigible Airship in its Shed, originally uploaded by amphalon.

R34 / G-FAAG; RNAS rigid airship. Launched March 1919, written off in 1921 after CFIT into North York Moors.

Airship R34, originally uploaded by University of Glasgow Library.

ZR-3 USS Los Angeles; US Navy rigid airship. German-built, launched as LZ 126 in 1924; decommissioned in 1932, dismantled in 1939. Longest-serving US military airship.

USS Los Angeles moored to USS Patoka 1931, originally uploaded by lazzo51.

USSR-W6 Osoaviahim; Russian military airship. Semi-rigid construction, designed by Italian engineer Umberto Nobile. Launched November 1934, lost February 1938 due to CFIT into Mount Nebo. 16 of 19 crew killed, crash spelled the end of the Soviet airship program.

CCCP-B6, originally uploaded by lazzo51.

LZ 129 Hindenburg; German civil airship. Rigid construction. Launched March 1936, lost May 1937 due to fire. 36 passengers and 61 crew on board, 13 passengers and 22 crew died.

Hindenburg in Curitiba (1936), originally uploaded by llvsboston.

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LZ-129 Hindenburg in colour, c. 1937

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Category: Historica  Tags:  Leave a Comment

Balar Hissar, Kabul, c. 1879

A selection from the British Library’s stunning collection of images from the Second Afghan War (1878-1880). The Bala Hissar (Persian for “high fortress”) is a 5th century fort on the Kuh-e-Sherdarwaza (Mountain of the Lion’s Gate). The walls are 20 feet high and 12 feet thick, and it is actually two distinct facilities; the lower fort contained stables, barracks and the former royal palaces; the upper fort was home to an armoury and a jail.

The Bala Hissar will no doubt be familiar to readers of George MacDonald Fraser’s Flashman novel, as it figures prominently in the events leading up to Major-General William Elphinstone’s disastrous retreat from Kabul.

Burke, John. Panoramic view looking along the walls of the Bala Hissar Fort in Kabul, Afghanistan, with Shah Shahid Gate in foreground. (The British Library)

Bengal Sappers and Miners, Indian Army. Bala Hissar from Sher Denwaza. (The British Library)

Bengal Sappers and Miners, Indian Army. Upper Bala Hissar, looking down onto the palace and gardens, with the Kabul Valley beyond. (The British Library)

Burke, John. Looking along the wall of the mighty Bala Hissar fort towards the burnt-out Residency in Kabul. (The British Library)

Burke, John. Burnt-out ruins of the Residency at the Bala Hissar fort in Kabul. The British Resident, Major Sir Pierre Louis Napoleon Cavagnari, KCB, CSI, was killed here along with his staff—and 71 defending officers and enlisted men—on September 3rd, 1879 by mutinous Afghan troops. (The British Library)

Burke, John. Upper Bala Hissar from gate above Residency, Kabul. (The British Library)

Burke, John. Upper Bala Hissar from west. (The British Library)

Burke, John. South face, Upper Bala Hissar. (The British Library)

Burke, John. The Diwan-i-Am or audience hall of the Amir at Kabul, Afghanistan, with the fortress of Bala Hissar in the background. (The British Library)

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Iron Maiden: The Trooper (1983) & Charge of the Light Brigade (1936)

Moving from Afghanistan to Crimea now.  It’s a fact: cavalry charges are metal.

The passing of the Colours at 2:00-2:12 is sheer epic awesomeness.

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Haiti and building codes

Intact Digicel building (background) and devastated retail storefront (foreground) in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, after the 7.0 magnitude earthquake on January 12th, 2010.

102_2244, originally uploaded by Boston Gringo.

Professor Karl Stephan, writing at the Engineering Ethics Blog, notes that the horrific death toll in Haiti is more or less explicitly tied to its lack of suitable building codes, and that condition is itself precipitated by a government and polity that are less than enthusiastic about future-directed regulation:

Amid the rubble of Port-au-Prince, the tallest building in Haiti—the Digicel building, completed about a year ago—still stands with only minor cosmetic damage. Why? It was constructed according to American building codes to withstand a magnitude-7 earthquake—and it did. A plainer argument for enforcement of building codes could not be imagined.

If Haiti has any building codes, I was unable to ascertain exactly what they amount to or where they apply. A project that was ongoing in 2007 under the auspices of the Organization of American States (OAS) put up a website that stated Haiti has no national building code, and was focused on developing one. According to news reports, any building codes that exist are merely on paper, and people use cinder blocks that are basically home-made, reportedly weighing only about 12% of what the same size block would weigh if it was made under U. S. standards. Reinforcing bar is used sparingly, if at all, and when people need more room they just go down to the homemade cinder-block store and pile another story or two onto their house. Radical libertarians might do well to study Haiti as an example of what happens when government absents itself completely from the supervision of private and even public construction. Things can go well for a while, but when an earthquake hits, the devastation is nearly total.

– Stephan, Karl.  “Building Codes, Earthquakes, and Haiti.”  Engineering Ethics Blog, 25 January 2010.

Worth reading the whole thing, along with the sources (1, 2) the Professor cites.

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MTJA airfield flow and relief operations


Here’s a brief update to my prior post on the Jacmel aerodrome, as I have become aware of additional information. There are a number of good articles from multiple sources, each providing lots of good information. (Specifically a January 30th article in the Winnipeg Free Press; a January 29th article from Agence France-Presse; a January 19th article in the Globe & Mail; and an undated DND press release.)

I will collate and summarise the data points below to make it easier to comprehend, so that one does not have to flip between the various sources to get the big picture.

  • The strat-lifters (CC-150, CC-177) typically operate between CFB Trenton (CYTR) and Norman Manley Intl Airport (MKJP) in Kingston, Jamaica. The tac-lifters (CC-130) then take the cargo from Kingston to Jacmel. (See map below for more details.)
  • The CF installed airfield lighting at Jacmel in order to permit 24-hour flight operations; a fueling station has also been set up.
  • HMCS Halifax remains on station in Baie de Jacmel, providing radar coverage for air traffic separation.
  • CFB Trenton is burning through 500,000 litres of fuel a day. Keep in mind, though, that this is for all of CFB Trenton’s flight operations (training, flights to Afghanistan, etc), not just those relating to Haiti.
  • MGen Yvan Blondin elected to have Canadian Forces aircraft utilise Jacmel; USAF had previously surveyed the field and decided that its 3,300ft asphalt runway was too soft to handle the stress of high optempo, and too short to provide adequate margin of error for tactical airlifters.
  • CF engineers determined that the runway could sustain regular CC-130 operations, so long as the aircraft’s total weight (aircraft, fuel and payload) does not exceed 100,000 lbs / 45,359 kg.
  • The minimum landing distance for a CC-130H with a 100,000lb payload is approximately 3100 feet (1000 foot touchdown zone, 2100 foot rollout distance). This gives pilots a 200 foot margin of error.
  • The aerodrome has handled up to 64 aircraft movements in a single day.  This breaks down as 2.67 movements every hour, or one every 23 minutes.
  • The runway is already pitting and suffering damage from the optempo surge. High optempo is likely to last for 60 days and slacken thereafter.

Here’s an image I created using data from the Great Circle Mapper, showing approximate transit times for CF flights.

And another pre-earthquake image of Jacmel’s tiny terminal and apron.

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